Carl Gustav lung was born in Kesswil, Switzerland -Ain 1875. His concept of "the collective unconscious" may be said to have cast new light on how the world works, and on how the humans in it live and move. Jung was both a friend and follower of Freud, and from 1907 became a devotee of his psychoanalytical theories and a member of a psychoanalytical society created bv Freud and his followers.
While Freud explained psychological symptoms mainly in terms of repressed infantile sexuality, Jung reached out rather more optimistically, as much forward as backward, into the lives of his clients. Jung eventually rejected Freud's idea that sexual experiences during infancy are the principal cause of neurotic behavior in adults. He believed that Freud overemphasized the role of sexual drive lie developed an alternative theory of the libido, arguing that the will to live was stronger than the sexual drive. Jung also emphasized analysis of current problems, rather than childhood conflicts, in the treatment of adults. In 1912, he resigned from Freud's society and founded his own school of psychology in Zurich.
Jung believed in psychological growth, or "individuation," powered by an innate drive to wholeness. Within this context, neuroses have a positive aim and constructive elements that represent attempts at growth, so it is as vital to elucidate their meaning and lessons as to know their origins.
He considered that at each stage of our lives we progress to deal with different aspects of our development, and that in later years cultural and spiritual needs become paramount.
He classified personalities into two types - introvert and extrovert - and developed a unique theory of the unconscious mind, in which he argued that there were both personal, or individual, and inherited or collected elements.
By Robin Brain
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